Legal updates
Beyond the Rulebook: A Critical Look at the Kenya’s Proposed Financial Consumer Protection Framework, 2026
INTRODUCTION Kenya’s financial sector has, over the last decade, undergone a profound digital...
Read MoreData Protection Obligations for Online Content Creators in Kenya
Consent, Data Protection, and the Legal Responsibilities of Online Content Creators in Light of...
Read MoreHow a Single Pitch Became a Billion-Shilling Liability for Corporate Kenya.
“Innovation is not a corporate monopoly; creativity thrives far beyond the boardroom. Copyright...
Read MoreThe Eve of a New Era for Kenyan Heritage: The Geographical Indications Bill, 2026
“A product’s name is its story, and its origin is its soul.” Kenya is poised to take a...
Read MoreThe Era of Institutional Fortification: Navigating the 2025 Capital Markets Regulatory Renaissance
A commentary on the systemic shift from discretionary innovation to statutory rigidity and the...
Read MoreCarbon Credits: A Crucial Element in the Global Effort to Combat Climate Change
Carbon credits have become indispensable to the global fight against climate change. As the world...
Read MoreDon’t Get Caught in the Redundancy Trap: Seven Costly Mistakes Kenyan Employers Make When Declaring Redundancies, and What the Courts Say
Introduction Kenya’s economy has not had it easy. From post-COVID turbulence to a weakened...
Read MoreSnooze and Lose at the Jurisdictional Guillotine:
The Court of Appeal Shuts the Door on Delayed Tender Complaints and Affirms the Strict Boundaries...
Read MoreLease expired? Act now or lose it all: No application for renewal of lease, no rights.
The Court of Appeal sounds the final alarm for holders of expired leases and synthesizes the...
Read MoreHow the Supreme Court Liberated Succession Law from the Leave Labyrinth
A Commentary on the Supreme Court’s Affirmation on the issue of the Automatic Right of Appeal in...
Read MoreBeyond the Global Halo: A commentary on the Court’s rejection of global notoriety as a substitute for local evidence
“Trademark supremacy is an evidentiary burden, not a global assumption; to rely on...
Read MoreGoverning the Machine: A Critical Analysis of the Kenya Artificial Intelligence Bill, 2026
Introduction As Kenya continues to cement its status as “Silicon Savannah,” the...
Read MoreThe era of Digital Secrecy: Confronting Shadow AI and the Erosion of Professional Privilege
The rise of usage of Generative AI presents a critical threat to professional confidentiality. The landmark United States v. Heppner (2026) ruling establishes that using consumer-grade AI constitutes a voluntary waiver of legal privilege, as these tools lack a reasonable expectation of confidentiality.
Read MoreBeyond the SIM Card: Recasting Identity in an Age of Networks
In a groundbreaking judgment delivered on 19th March 2026, the High Court of Kenya at Milimani in Erastus Ngura Odhiambo v State Law Office & Others (Constitutional Petition No. E290 of 2024)
Read MoreThe Judicial Divide on Spousal Rights and the Documentary Economy
The Court of Appeal’s decision in Resma Commercial Agencies v Ngattah [2025] KECA 2214 (KLR) highlights a profound philosophical tension within the Kenyan legal landscape.
Read MoreDefending Our Green Spaces: A Shield for Resident’s Associations Against Unregulated Developments
“The requirement to exhaust remedies does not apply when there is no decision or action by the...
Read MoreNavigating Corporate Rescue: A Guide to the Administration Regime Under the Insolvency Act, 2015
The enactment of the Insolvency Act, 2015 marked a paradigm shift in Kenyan corporate law, moving away from a “liquidation-first” mentality toward a sophisticated culture of corporate rescue.
Read MoreThe Hidden Water Crisis: The Aquifer’s Silent Cry and The Judicial Shield against the City’s “Blue Boys”
“In the quiet depths of the Karen-Langata landscape, the water table recedes like a fading memory,...
Read MoreUpholding Procedural Fairness and Proof of Causality in Work Injury Claims: A Shield for Employers and Insurers
Introduction The Employment and Labour Relations Court (ELRC) has delivered a significant...
Read MoreProfessional Negligence in Property Valuation: A Wake-Up Call for Valuers and Lenders
Introduction The High Court has delivered a landmark ruling, in a matter where the firm of Wamae...
Read MoreSummary of the Draft Proposals to Amend the Law of Contract Act
Introduction The Law of Contract (Amendment) Bill, 2025 proposes significant reforms to Kenyan...
Read MoreNavigating the 2026 Kenyan Labour Landscape: Top Compliance Essentials for Employers
The Kenyan employment law environment has undergone a significant transformation leading into...
Read MoreThe Sanctity of the Signature A Commentary on I&m Bank Limited V Buzeki Enterprises Limited
Introduction In the high-stakes world of commercial banking, the negotiability of financial...
Read MoreLegal Ownership and Status of Copyrights or Trademarks Generated by AI Agents
“Who Owns the Mind of a Machine? Rethinking Copyright and Trademark Law in the New Age of AI” The...
Read MoreThe Supreme Court Reaffirms a Financier’s Rights Over Continuing Securities, Provided the Existing Securities Remain Valid and Undischarged
86….Unless discharged in accordance with the law, securities remain valid, binding, and...
Read MoreSkyline in Limbo: Nairobi’s Planning Paralysis and the Court’s Call for Order
An analysis of the case of Nairobi Civil Appeal No. E160 of 2025 Claire Kubochi Anami (Chairlady),...
Read MoreTribunal Declares KPLC’s Excessive Power Bill Unlawful and unpayable
Background In the recent decision in Derek Seton v Kenya Power and Lighting Company [KPLC]...
Read MoreODPC Ruling: Proof of loss and/or damage suffered Required in Data Breach Claims
The ODPC has buttressed the principle of strict liability imposed on a Data Subject and the legal...
Read MoreThe Court of Appeal Clarifies on the Presumed Lacuna Over the Procedure for Challenging and Enforcement of WIBA Decisions
Introduction and Brief Background On May 9, 2025, the Court of Appeal delivered a judgment in the...
Read MoreUnpacking the Kenya Information and Communications (Amendment) Bill, 2025
Introduction Aldai Member of Parliament Hon. Marianne Kitany has published a Private Member’s Bill...
Read MoreSummary of the Data Protection (Amendment) Bill 2025
Introduction The Draft Data Protection (Amendment) Bill, 2025—developed by the Data Privacy and...
Read MoreThe Proposed New Law on Digital Assets: Review of the Virtual Assets Service Providers Bill, 2025
BACKGROUND Virtual Assets (VAs) are capable of enhancing digital finance, e-commerce,...
Read MoreTo What Extent Can an Employer Seek to Be Furnished With Medical Data of an Employee?
DETERMINATION OF CASE LAWS The right to privacy is not one that can be forsaken in the quest of...
Read MoreAre Uber Drivers Employees or Independent Contractors in Kenya’s Legal Landscape?
Introduction The advent of the Internet and mobile apps has significantly transformed business...
Read MoreNo Person Shall Be Subjected to Unlawful Detention, Cruel, Inhumane, and Degrading Treatment
“We have no doubt the respondent’s detention was not only unlawful but was also cruel and inhuman,...
Read MoreShareholders or Directors who are Non-signatories of the Company’s Bank Account cannot seek access to Information on Account of Banker-customer Privilege, Court of Appeal Rules
INTRODUCTION The Court of Appeal has today 28th February 2025 delivered a Judgment in Nic Bank...
Read MoreThe Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 2024 Implication on Tax Laws
The Tax Laws (Amendment) Act ,2024 that commenced on 27th December 2024 introduced amendments to...
Read MoreWay Forward on termination of fixed-term Commercial Leases without a termination clause; A Supreme Court guide
Introduction and Brief Background of The Case The Supreme Court delivered a locus classicus...
Read MoreA Cure to stop harm through Deception by Contracting Parties
One may wonder, what happens when a party A in a contract, through their words or conduct, causes...
Read MoreNew Classes of Permit under the Kenya Citizenship and Immigration (Amendment) Regulations, 2024
In a bold step to position Nairobi as Africa’s multilateral hub, the government introduced new...
Read MoreThe High Court backs Chargee’s right to appoint a receiver to collect rent after the Chargee’s statutory power of Sale has been frustrated
A Commentary of the court’s ruling in High Court Civil Case no. E007 of 2023 Kenya Women Micro...
Read MoreA Sigh of Relief to Financial Institutions! – The High Court Rules That A Charged Property Can Be Sold Below the Forced Sale Value
“Upon perusal of the provisions of Section 104(1) of the Land Act, it is apparent that an...
Read MoreState Corporations are not insulated from Garnishee Proceedings, High Court rules as it allows Export Trading Co. Ltd to Garnishee Kshs.1.7billion held by 3 banks in favour of NCPB
INTRODUCTION The High Court has juridically pronounced itself that State Corporations are not...
Read MoreWhat Happens When a Company Becomes Insolvent and Its Assets Are a Collateral/security to Facilities Advanced to Another Company?
Introduction It is a common practice in the business world for Parent and Holding Companies to...
Read MoreAdministrators Permitted to Sell Charged Company Properties under the Insolvency Act
“Based on the above law, and in the absence of evidence to the contrary, I am of the view that the...
Read MoreThe Quist Close Trust – the rare equitable trust gem that enjoys priority even when a bank is insolvent
In a precedent setting judgment delivered on 5th July 2024 in Milimani HC.Comm/206/2019 Union De...
Read MoreThe Supreme Court Holds that Banks and Financial Institutions are required to seek approval from the Cabinet Secretary responsible for Finance before increasing Interest Rates
BACKGROUND The Supreme Court has this morning delivered a decision in Stanbic Bank Kenya...
Read MoreReal Estate Investment Trusts
Introduction In the advent of the affordable housing scheme in Kenya players in the industry are...
Read MoreThe Art of Deception: Debtors shrewd use of Bankruptcy Laws in quest to evade Creditors; How to Stop them.
“Bankruptcy laws were never meant to protect fraudsters rather genuine people who have been hit by...
Read MoreTo the High Court or to the Environment and Land Court?
The commercial value of land can be derived from its ability to be quantified. This quantification...
Read MoreRe-Thinking the Data Protection Act (2019) in the Age of Big Data and AI
“Success in creating AI would be the biggest event in human history. Unfortunately, it might also...
Read MoreIs the Territorial Sea Water a Water Resource Subject to Regulation by WARMA?
INTRODUCTION The three (3) wise Judges of the Court of Appeal have made a cardinal observation...
Read MoreNavigating the Legal Labyrinth: Evolving Landscape of Debt Collection in Kenya’s Digital Lending Market
INTRODUCTION Access to financing has completely changed with the growth of digital credit,...
Read MoreThe Court of Appeal Reinstates the Banking (Credit Reference Bureau) Regulations 2020, Pending Hearing and Determination of an Appeal by the Central Bank of Kenya
INTRODUCTION Further to our article titled “The High Court Nullifies The Banking Credit Reference...
Read MoreSafeguarding Minors’ Data
Introduction The Data Protection Act of 2019 in Kenya and the attendant regulations, lays bare a...
Read MoreTransmission of Shares in public companies limited by shares
In our legal alert dated 18th May 2021, we discussed the law regarding transfer of shares by...
Read MoreCommentary on the Supreme Court of Kenya’s Judgement in Fanikiwa Limited & 3 Others -versus- Sirikwa Squatters Group and 17 Others (the Sirikwa Case)
“…once an individual or entity acquires any unalienated government land, or other land for that...
Read MoreThe Pitfalls of an “Inadvertent” Merger
A COMMENTARY ON THE COMPETITION TRIBUNAL CASE OF THE MAKINI SCHOOL LTD VS COMPETITION AUTHORITY OF...
Read MoreThe High Court Nullifies the Banking Credit Reference Bureau Regulations 2020
BACKGROUND On 14th April 2020, the Central Bank of Kenya [CBK] issued a press release announcing...
Read MoreComplaint Resolution Procedure Under the Energy Act & the Energy (Complaints and Disputes Resolution) Regulations, 2012
A. INTRODUCTION The Energy Act has laid out the necessary guidelines for settling complaints...
Read MoreInterrogating Principles Applied by the Court When Determining Disputes Concerning Two Different Titles Over the Same Property
“……It is not enough for a party to state that they have a lease or title to the property” –...
Read MoreRegulation of anti-money laundering in Kenya’s Real Estate Sector
A. INTRODUCTION Anti-money laundering (AML) regulations are important in preventing the flow of...
Read MoreEncryption as an enabler of the Right to Privacy in the Digital Age of Data Economy
A. INTRODUCTION In the past quarter of a century, Kenya has experienced a rapid increment in the...
Read MoreResuscitation of Companies, which way to go Receivership Or Administration
A. INTRODUCTION In recent years especially during and immediately after the unprecedented Covid 19...
Read MoreThe Dos and Don’ts of an auctioneer while conducting public auctions
“An auctioneer cannot conduct a public auction as if it is a private auction. Primarily, the...
Read MoreCrowdfunding Regulations: Legalities in the conventional Capital-raising System
“…… Isn’t equity crowdfunding meant to be all about improving access to capital, not...
Read More“To Be or Not To Be? When the Court presumes it To Be!”
“Based on the evidence adduced by the parties it is clear that the Appellant and the Respondent...
Read MoreA commentary on the Association of Micro-finance Vs. The Central Bank of Kenya & 3 others case: “An end to predatory lending”
The advent of debt and borrowing can be traced back as early as 3,500 B.C, long before the dawn of...
Read MoreThe Employment and Labour Relations Court declares mandatory contributions to NSSF unconstitutional
Justices Nduma Nderi, Hellen Wasilwa and Monica Mbaru in Kenya Tea Growers Association and 8...
Read MoreA Commentary on the Children Act, 2022: A Panacean ‘Enclave’ to Children
Introduction It is well within our knowledge that the Children Act 2022 (hereinafter referred to...
Read MoreA Commentary on Anne J. Mugure & 2 others Vs. Helb Case, Petition No. E002 of 2021 – The High Court of Kenya extends the applicability of the in duplum Rule to all lenders
“From the foregoing, the Court of Appeal was alive to the fact that the rule was concerned with...
Read MoreA Commentary on the Mike Mbuvi Sonko Vs. The Clerk County Assembly of Nairobi and 11 Others
We will discuss the Supreme Court judgment in Mike Mbuvi Sonko v The Clerk County Assembly of Nairobi and 11 Others Petition No. E008 of 2022
Read MoreInformation Communication Technology Practitioners Bill, 2020: An advancement or regressing on technology?
Is the Bill perfect for this society? Is the Bill perfect for this society? Is it over-ambitious? or is it at the precipice of reality and practicality considering our developing economy?
Read MoreHigh Court holds that the failure of a Statutory Regulator to exercise its mandate is enforceable by those who have suffered loss or harm
In this petition, the High Court of Kenya at Machakos stepped in to enforce the duty of care owed by the Insurance Regulatory Authority to the insured in public interest.
Read MoreAre Directors deemed as Employees of a Company?
The certainty of whether a director is an employee of a company is now settled. The terms ‘independent contractor’ and ‘employee’ are mutually exclusive. Contracts with employees entail the placement of employees’ services or productive capacities at the disposal of the employers.
Read MoreWhy All and Sundry must be weary about KRA’s Data Mining Labs
This article finds it relevant to analyse KRA’s proposed data mining labs against the right to privacy and our Data Protection Act (DPA) and Data Protection Regulations (DPR).
Read MoreImplications of the Finance Bill, 2022 on Tax Procedures
Ukur Yatani, Cabinet Secretary for the National Treasury and Planning, on 7th April 2022 tabled the Finance Bill 2022. The theme for the budget this year ‘Accelerating Economic Recovery for Improved Livelihood’.
Read MoreA Good Start to Shaping Start-Ups in Kenya; A review of the Startup Bill, 2021
According to data by Statista, Kenya is home to over 80 startups as of 2021. Kenya is one of the top startup countries in Africa. Statista has proven that by 2021, over $292 million was raised by tech startups in Kenya.
Read MoreRedefining the legal threshold for grant of Interlocutory injunctions in cases where Banks are exercising their Right of Redemption
On 25th January 2022, Mativo J, proceeded to deliver a ruling in what has been protracted litigation between a defaulting borrower, a guarantor and a financier seek to exercise their statutory power of sale.
Read MoreThe High Court compels the Government of Kenya to provide Access to Information relating to the Standard Gauge Railway Contracts
Access to information is critical for enabling citizens to exercise their voice, to effectively monitor and hold government to account, and to enter into informed dialogue about decisions which affect their lives. It is seen as vital for empowering all citizens, including vulnerable and excluded people, to claim their broader rights and entitlements.
Read MoreThe Promises and Perils of the Central Bank Digital currency
Digital currency is a currency that exists only in digital or electronic form or also a means of payment that exists purely in electronic form and can be exchanged for a pre- determined amount equivalent to the local fiat currency. They are only accessible through computing platforms.
Read MoreA Commentary on the Basil Criticos V National Bank Judgment: Damages for Wrongful Sale of a Security.
“He may not have been a model guarantor but, like Shakespeare’s King Lear, he definitely was a man...
Read MoreLegal and Practical Shortcomings of the Political Party Nomination and Nomination (pre-election) Dispute Resolution Framework
“Kenya’s history of electoral processes since the multiparty era have depicted highly contested,...
Read MoreIn duplum law must be expanded to cover all borrowers
Creditors love defaulting borrowers; they are the best source of profits. A borrower takes a KES...
Read MoreThe Proceeds Of Crime And Anti-money Laundering (Amendment) Act, 2022
“There is a very real danger that financial regulation will become a wolf in sheep’s clothing.”...
Read MoreDigital Lending In Kenya: A Case For Regulation
“Law and technology produce, together, a kind of regulation of creativity we’ve not seen...
Read MoreDebunking Changes To The Law Of Succession (Ammendment) Act, 2021
“When it comes to divide an estate, the politest men quarrel.” – By Ralph Waldo Emerson A....
Read MoreTwo Wrongs Do Not Make A Right – the Mutation Of Garnishee Orders To Yokes Of Injustice
“The kind of fasting I want is this: Remove the chains of oppression and the yoke of injustice,...
Read MoreNon-Citizens in Kenya have no Pre-Emptive Rights on Leasehold Land
The Effect and Purpose of Article 65 of The Constitution of Kenya & Analysis of Malindi Law...
Read MoreWhether an advocate in their individual capacity can open, operate and manage a bank account or accounts for purposes of conducting their practice
This article examines whether advocates in Kenya practicing in their individual capacity can open and manage bank accounts for legal practice, and the legal and ethical obligations governing client funds.
Read MoreThe law regarding transfer of shares by transmission
A. Introduction A Share can be defined as a single unit of ownership in a Company. It is...
Read MoreA resignation letter may be vitiated by rescission impairing an employer to act on the letter
Introduction Billy Collins, an American Poet once said that: “The pen is an instrument of...
Read MoreProtection of Intellectual Property in the 21st Century: A Focus on Copyright Protection
As with all other areas of law, intellectual property rights came along so as to protect an...
Read MoreAdvocates be cautious: – Litigate your case in the press or on the internet at your own risk
Van Vechten Veeder, a United States Judge stated: “one’s good name is as truly the product...
Read MoreAway with colonial mindsets: A three judge bench of the High Court rules that murder trials ought to be initiated in the Magistrates Courts and not the High Court.
The former Chief Justice, Dr. Willy Mutunga firmly stated in the year 2012, that colonial mindsets...
Read MoreImplications of the companies (beneficial ownership information) regulations, 2020
A. INTRODUCTION Pursuant to Section 93A of the Companies Act and the Companies (Beneficial...
Read MoreA case for an independent registry for registration of securities over intellectual property
A recent spate of initial public offerings, high-profile mergers and acquisitions, and litigation...
Read MoreLand once offered as collateral becomes a commodity of sale
(An Analysis of the Classical Case of Paul Muhoro Kihara vs Barclays Bank (K) Ltd, Milimani HCCC...
Read MoreEnforcing a foreign judgment in Kenya where there is no agreement for reciprocal recognition and enforcement
Enforcement of foreign judgments in Kenya is the subject of The Foreign Judgments (Reciprocal...
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